Free light chain (S) (Serum (s))
| Specimens: | 1 ml Serum (s) |
| includes following tests: | Free light-chains, type lambda (Serum (s)) Free light chains, type kappa (Serum (s)) |
| Method: | Nephelometry |
| Set-up: | Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun |
| Duration: | 3 days |
| Indication/Significance: |
Determination of free light chains in the serum is to be preferred to the determination of FLCs in urine, as free light chains are always detectable in serum first; Bence Jones proteinuria is a typical overflow proteinuria meaning that only when the threshold of tubular reabsorption has been exceeded, are the glomerular filtrated FLCs detectable in urine. If the free light chains in urine are requested, it is advisable to always carry out a determination in serum in parallel for the purpose of a comprehensive assessment. |
| Interpretation: |
The determination of more… The determination of free light chains in the serum is characterised by a higher diagnostic sensitivity compared to immunofixation electrophoresis. The free light chains should always be determined for both types (Kappa, Lambda) and subsequently the ratio formation. This combined evaluation then allows for a quite reliable diagnosis and assessment of the progress. |
| Further tests: | Immunofixation (s, u), quantitative immunoglobulines, complete blood count, creatinine/cystatin C, calcium in serum, beta-2 microglobulin in serum, LDH in the serum, pyridinoline crosslinks in urine. In recent times, a quantitative determination of heavy and light chain-specific immunoglobulins has been possible: IgA-,IgG- and IgM-HLC with corresponding ratio formation to evaluate the clonality. |
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